Mostly from "Good Boatkeeping" by Zora and David Aiken, and article in March/April 2000 issue of Good Old Boat magazine:
- Alcohol:
- Smelly.
- Expensive.
- Low-heat flame; cooks slowly.
- Fire douses with water, but also can be spread with water.
- Non-pressurized stove is safer than pressurized stove.
- Pressurized stove has to have burner pre-heated.
- Use ethyl alcohol, not other types of alcohol which can gunk up stove.
- Damages varnished cabin sole if you spill it ?
- Kerosene (paraffin):
- Sooty.
- Smelly.
- Hard to light (requires alcohol priming).
- Cheap.
- Hot flame.
- Propane (LPG) / butane:
- Explosive (heavier than air).
- Cheap ($0.40 to $0.75 per pound ?).
- Clean.
- Can use for external barbeque too.
- Higher heat output than CNG.
- When refilling outside USA, make sure gas has odor to it; odorless is dangerous.
- Natural gas (CNG):
- Hard to find.
- Safer than LPG (lighter than air).
- Stored at higher pressure than LPG, so tanks are heavier than LPG tanks.
- When refilling outside USA, make sure gas has odor to it; odorless is dangerous.
- Diesel:
- Cheap.
- Safe.
- Too hot for hot climates; heat up whole boat.
- Need exhaust chimney.
- Solid-fuel:
- Cheap.
- Safe.
- Too hot for hot climates; heat up whole boat.
- Need exhaust chimney.
- Need large amount of bulky fuel.
- Electric:
- Best when used on shore power.
- Big drain on batteries.
- Safe.
- Doesn't heat up cabin as much as other types.
- Can use it (especially toaster oven, frying pan) in cockpit.
Rough consensus: propane is best. (Although some people disagree strenuously.)
Mike Buckler's "Fuel Name FAQ"
From Felton on Cruising World message board,
[Re: CNG hard to find:]
Not Hard to Find ... Impossible.
I have been negotiating to purchase a Sabre 34 that is equipped with CNG aka "Safegas". You can't get CNG in Texas ... period. I have gone so far as to call the utility company and they told me that the Texas Railroad Commission (don't ask ... they regulate oil and gas in Texas) prohibits the refilling of the cylinders *unless* they are permanently installed in vehicles (cars). You can *try* to ship the containers, but UPS doesn't like that and the charges are prohibitive. There is a web site for "alternative fuels", but calling every one of their provided locations was the same ... "no can do ... sorry". ...
Not Hard to Find ... Impossible.
I have been negotiating to purchase a Sabre 34 that is equipped with CNG aka "Safegas". You can't get CNG in Texas ... period. I have gone so far as to call the utility company and they told me that the Texas Railroad Commission (don't ask ... they regulate oil and gas in Texas) prohibits the refilling of the cylinders *unless* they are permanently installed in vehicles (cars). You can *try* to ship the containers, but UPS doesn't like that and the charges are prohibitive. There is a web site for "alternative fuels", but calling every one of their provided locations was the same ... "no can do ... sorry". ...
Propane is impossible to get in the French Caribbean islands (Guadeloupe, Martinique); they use butane, I think.
Propane system:
- Locker: required for interior mounting of tanks.
- Tanks: steel or aluminum; vertical or horizontal;
manual shut-off valve; Overflow Protection Device (OPD);
refillable 6 to 20 pounds; disposable 1 pound;
liquid at bottom and gas at top.
- Pressure gauge: for detecting leaks when gas is on and appliance is off.
- Regulator: step-down from tank pressure (50 to 150 PSI) to appliance
pressure (about 0.5 PSI); may be built into some appliances (e.g. Force 10 barbeque).
- Solenoid: electrically-controlled valve; on if electric on.
- Fittings: bronze; various types (1/4" NPT, 3/8" NPT, flare,
Prest-O-Lite/POL, QCV, etc);
use thread sealing compound or Teflon tape.
- Hose: use LPG hose only (rated for 350+ PSI).
- Appliance: stove, barbeque, etc; burners may have thermocouples that
automatically stop gas if flame goes out.
- Propane detector/alarm.
Propane tips:
Big John Grills' "Propane Safety"
BoatU.S.'s "Propane"
Don Casey's "Propane Systems"
West Marine's "Safe Propane Installations"
SailNet - Doreen Gounard's "Refilling Propane Tanks"
IWW's "Propane or Butane - bottles, standards, dangers ?"
Propane tanks:
From Jerry Donofrio on the IRBS live-aboard mailing list:
From John / Truelove on the IRBS live-aboard mailing list:
BoatU.S.'s "Propane"
Don Casey's "Propane Systems"
West Marine's "Safe Propane Installations"
SailNet - Doreen Gounard's "Refilling Propane Tanks"
IWW's "Propane or Butane - bottles, standards, dangers ?"
-
From Maurice Nunas on the IRBS live-aboard mailing list:
We have discovered that "ordinary" pots and pans do not work very well with the propane, as there is a hot spot where the flame touches the pans (maybe diesel stoves are the same ?). So, we bought a very nice set of Cuisinart pots and pans with very heavy bottoms. They nest together and take up nearly no room at all. We also use the old ones from time to time, with a cast iron skillet placed between the flame and the pot. - Propane lines should be stainless steel or special hose, not copper.
- Want a propane regulator that you have to manually switch from one
tank to the other, not one that automatically switches.
- If you get a two-tank regulator, make sure it will
operate correctly with only one tank attached.
Some won't.
- Want one propane fume detector in the bilge, and another in
the propane locker.
- Want each burner and oven to have thermocouples
that shut off gas if flame goes out.
- Stove may contain batteries to power the igniters.
Propane tanks:
- Want two small tanks instead of one big tank.
- If tanks are exposed on deck instead of in a locker,
don't overfill them, and paint them a heat-reflecting color.
- Propane vendors in some European countries can't legally
fill US tanks, only European ones.
- Propane tanks should be aluminum (no rust) ?
10-pound tank: painted steel $27 (Home Depot), powder-coated steel $55 (West Marine), aluminum $150 (West Marine).
Maybe galvanized steel is best: less rust, cheaper than aluminum. - By April 2002 all propane tanks will be required to have
a new fill valve
(OPD Valves)
that prevents overfilling
and will not allow propane to
flow unless an appliance is attached to it.
- When having propane tanks inspected/recertified, have them stamp the
date on the handle, not the body of the tank.
Stamping on the body weakens the tank.
Are aluminum propane tanks worth their extra cost ?
You bet, but if you ever send them off to be filled, particularly in the islands, you'll probably lose them if you don't go with them. [Paint boat name on them in big letters.]
You bet, but if you ever send them off to be filled, particularly in the islands, you'll probably lose them if you don't go with them. [Paint boat name on them in big letters.]
From Jerry Donofrio on the IRBS live-aboard mailing list:
Granted that salt will tear up steel but only if maintenance is ignored. Before
putting a steel tank into service additional coatings of your favorite anti
rusting paint will go a long way to making the tank last longer. As you point
out you could buy 5 steel tanks for the price of one aluminum and the aluminum
would also have to be retested during that time which cost about half of the
tank value.
One of the features of the new steel tanks is the auto fill safety float internal to the tank. This allows the tank to fill up to the maximum allowable level without overfill. Many filling stations really do not fill a tank to the full level. A simple scale revealed to me, that my local station was not giving me what I was paying for. ...
One of the features of the new steel tanks is the auto fill safety float internal to the tank. This allows the tank to fill up to the maximum allowable level without overfill. Many filling stations really do not fill a tank to the full level. A simple scale revealed to me, that my local station was not giving me what I was paying for. ...
From John / Truelove on the IRBS live-aboard mailing list:
Propane is (or should be) sold by the lb. for the DOT-certified tanks that we
all use on our boats. It's sold by the gallon for ASME (fixed home-type and
industrial) tanks.
I had all this explained to me a couple of years ago, when I questioned the amount of propane a filling station put in my tank. Here's what I recall:
The rated capacity of the tank is based on the water capacity (stamped W.C.) of the tank. If the W.C. is 47 (typical for a 20 lb tank) it will hold 47 pounds of water. Dividing by 8.3 (pounds per gallon of water) = 5.66 gallons. Multiply by 4.24 (pounds per gallon of propane) gives the capacity (24 lbs) of the tank, which includes 10% for expansion. There is another factor that the filling stations use which I don't recall.
The newer tanks are available with a gauge (finally) which I think is really neat.
I had all this explained to me a couple of years ago, when I questioned the amount of propane a filling station put in my tank. Here's what I recall:
The rated capacity of the tank is based on the water capacity (stamped W.C.) of the tank. If the W.C. is 47 (typical for a 20 lb tank) it will hold 47 pounds of water. Dividing by 8.3 (pounds per gallon of water) = 5.66 gallons. Multiply by 4.24 (pounds per gallon of propane) gives the capacity (24 lbs) of the tank, which includes 10% for expansion. There is another factor that the filling stations use which I don't recall.
The newer tanks are available with a gauge (finally) which I think is really neat.
- Want gas/water/electric connections to appliances to be flexible and have
extra length, so you can pull the appliance out to clean/repair it.
- Want to be able to access everything while stove is in use.
- Want spare one-pot portable stove that burns same fuel as main stove.
- Never use ammonia to clean copper or brass fuel
lines or fittings; it weakens the metal.
- Use a heat diffuser (Flame Tamer) when cooking with kerosene or LPG.
We've got one of the little Force 10 grilles, and recently found out a couple
of things when I was trying to figure out why it didn't want to stay lit.
1) Read the manual. This sounds basic, but there really is some information in there that's helpful.
2) Adjust the regulator properly! Under the peel-off label on the knob of the regulator there's a little screw. Turn it in to increase the flame, out to decrease the flame.
3) Adjust the air "gate" that mixes air with the raw propane before it goes down the tube to the holes. You want to adjust it so it's mostly blue with some yellow in the flame. Too blue, and the flame will jump off the tube easily and can be blown out. Too yellow, and that's not good either, but I don't remember why. Once adjusted properly, they say not to grille with the top closed all the way, 'cause it will get too hot and damage the drip pan and such.
Now ours burns bright and hot. Last year it burned so cool we had to wrap the thing to get the temperature high enough and keep the flame from blowing out!
Thank God I read the instructions, as it saved me from going and buying a new regulator when I only needed to adjust the one I had.
1) Read the manual. This sounds basic, but there really is some information in there that's helpful.
2) Adjust the regulator properly! Under the peel-off label on the knob of the regulator there's a little screw. Turn it in to increase the flame, out to decrease the flame.
3) Adjust the air "gate" that mixes air with the raw propane before it goes down the tube to the holes. You want to adjust it so it's mostly blue with some yellow in the flame. Too blue, and the flame will jump off the tube easily and can be blown out. Too yellow, and that's not good either, but I don't remember why. Once adjusted properly, they say not to grille with the top closed all the way, 'cause it will get too hot and damage the drip pan and such.
Now ours burns bright and hot. Last year it burned so cool we had to wrap the thing to get the temperature high enough and keep the flame from blowing out!
Thank God I read the instructions, as it saved me from going and buying a new regulator when I only needed to adjust the one I had.
Solar oven:
How to make an oven:
Make A Pizza Box Solar Oven
Solar Cooking's "Solar Cooking Plans"
Mark Aalfs' "Principles of Solar Box Cooker Design"
Make a solar oven:
Reflective panels, glass on top, black interior.
Maybe good to use an insulated icebox as the container.
Want a good seal of glass lid to keep heat from escaping.
Best to use flat-black pots and pans, with lids.
Ovens for sale:
Global Sun Oven ($230)
How to use an oven:
Solar Cooking's "Solar Cooking Hints"
Make A Pizza Box Solar Oven
Solar Cooking's "Solar Cooking Plans"
Mark Aalfs' "Principles of Solar Box Cooker Design"
Make a solar oven:
Reflective panels, glass on top, black interior.
Maybe good to use an insulated icebox as the container.
Want a good seal of glass lid to keep heat from escaping.
Best to use flat-black pots and pans, with lids.
Ovens for sale:
Global Sun Oven ($230)
How to use an oven:
Solar Cooking's "Solar Cooking Hints"